PostgreSQL

PostgreSQL is a robust, open-source object-relational database system. It has almost 15 years of active development and an established design, earning it a solid reputation for dependability, data integrity, and correctness. It works with all major operating systems, including Linux, UNIX (AIX, BSD, HP-UX, SGI IRIX, macOS, Solaris, Tru64), and Windows. PostgreSQL is a highly effective object-relational database management system! Download the PostgreSQL Offline Installer Setup 64bit for PC! 

It is fully ACID compliant and supports foreign keys, joins, views, triggers, and stored procedures (various languages). It supports most SQL:2008 data types, such as INTEGER, NUMERIC, BOOLEAN, CHAR, VARCHAR, DATE, INTERVAL, and TIMESTAMP. It also supports the storage of binary big things such as images, audio, and video. It includes native programming interfaces for C/C++, Java,.Net, Perl, Python, Ruby, Tcl, and ODBC, as well as extensive documentation (table sizes can reach 32 TB). 

PostgreSQL 2024 includes numerous capabilities designed to assist developers in building applications, administrators in protecting data integrity and building fault-tolerant settings, and you in managing your data regardless of how large or small the dataset. In addition to being free and open-source, the tool is extremely expandable. For example, you may design your own data types, create custom functions, and even write code in many programming languages without recompiling your database! 

The software attempts to comply with the SQL standard where it does not contradict traditional features or potentially result in poor architecture decisions. Many of the functionality needed by the SQL standard are supported, albeit with somewhat different syntax or functions. Over time, more conformity is likely. As of the October 2018 version 11 release, Postgre SQL 64bit adheres to at least 160 of the 179 mandatory features for SQL:2011 Core conformance, but no relational database currently satisfies full conformity with this standard. 

Features & Highlights 

• Data types include integers, numerics, strings, and booleans. 
• Structured: Date/Time, Array, Range, and UUID 
• Document: JSON/JSONB, XML, Key-value (Hstore). 
• Geometry: point, line, circle, and polygon. 
• Customizations: composite and custom types. 

Data Integrity

• UNIQUE, NOT NULL 
• Primary Keys 
• Foreign keys 
• Exclusionary constraints 
• Explicit locks, advisory locks. 
• Concurrency and Performance Indexing: B-tree, Multicolumn, Expressions. Partial 

Advanced Indexing

• GiST, SP-Gist, KNN Gist, GIN, and BRIN. Covering indexes and Bloom filters 
• Advanced query planner/optimizer, index-only scans, and multicolumn statistics 
• Transactions and Nested Transactions (using Savepoints) 
• Multi-version concurrency control (MVCC) 
• Parallelizing reading queries and creating B-tree indexes

Table Partitioning 

• All transaction isolation levels specified by the SQL standard, including Serializable 
• JIT compilation of expressions 
• Reliability and Disaster Recovery 
• Write-ahead Logging (WAL) 

Replication

• Asynchronous, Synchronous, and Logical 
• Point-in-time recovery (PITR) and active standbys 

Tablespaces 

Security authentication options include GSSAPI, SSPI, LDAP, SCRAM-SHA-256, certificates, and more. 
Robust access control system 
Column and row-level security 

Extensibility 
Stored functions and procedures 
Procedural languages include PL/PGSQL, Perl, Python, and many more. 

Foreign data wrappers

Link to external databases or streams through a conventional SQL interface. 
Extensions for PostGIS include internationalization and text search, as well as support for international character sets using ICU collations. 
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